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Attempts to recreate real-world objects such as hospitals and nurses into abstract computer software objects is known as:

  1. Data Modeling

  2. Framework Development

  3. Object-Oriented Systems Development (OOSD)

  4. System Refinement

The correct answer is: Object-Oriented Systems Development (OOSD)

Object-Oriented Systems Development (OOSD) involves creating software systems by representing real-world objects as abstract software objects. This approach allows for a more organized and structured development process, as it mirrors the characteristics and relationships of real-world objects in a digital environment. Data modeling, framework development, and system refinement are important aspects of software development but do not directly involve the creation of abstract software objects based on real-world entities like Object-Oriented Systems Development does.